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Approximately one third of patients will develop an incisional hernia after abdominal surgery. An incisional hernia occurs at or in close proximity to a surgical incision through which intestine, organ or other tissue protrudes. Incisional hernias result from a weakening of the abdominal muscle due to a surgical incision. An incisional hernia can occur for a number of specific reasons; individuals who participate in excessive or premature physical activity after surgery, gain considerable weight, become pregnant or increase abdominal pressure in any other way before the incision is fully healed are especially at risk for an incisional hernia. Incisional hernias are most likely to occur within three to six months post-surgery but can happen at any time.

Appendectomy is surgery to remove an inflamed or infected appendix (appendicitis). Your appendix is a small, tube-like organ that extends from your colon on the lower-right side of your belly. Because an inflamed appendix has the potential to rupture (burst), appendicitis is a medical emergency. On the other hand, a healthy appendix doesn’t appear to have any essential function. If you must have your appendix removed, you won’t miss it.

Several conditions can cause problems in your gallbladder. The most common condition is gallstones. Gallstones are typically harmless but can sometimes lead to disease states. Gallbladder diseases include: Gallstones: Gallstones are pebble-like objects made of bile material that develop in the gallbladder or bile ducts. They can be as tiny as grains of sand to as large as golf balls. They’re usually harmless but can cause pain, nausea or inflammation. Cholecystitis: Cholecystitis is inflammation of your gallbladder. It can occur when a gallstone blocks bile from exiting your gallbladder. Cholecystitis causes fever and pain and usually requires surgery. Gallstone pancreatitis: Gallstone pancreatitis is inflammation of your pancreas. It occurs when a gallstone travels down the common bile duct and blocks the pancreatic duct at a common point just before draining into the small intestine. Gallbladder cancer: Gallbladder cancer is rare. You might feel pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. But, it is far more likely for this pain to occur due to another condition.

Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, is a surgical technique that uses small incisions and specialized instruments to perform surgical procedures. It is applicable for a wide range of diseases and conditions, and its primary benefits include reduced trauma, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and less post-operative pain compared to traditional open surgery. During laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon makes small incisions (usually around 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters) in the abdomen and inserts a thin, flexible tube called a laparoscope. The laparoscope has a light source and a camera, allowing the surgeon to visualize the internal organs on a monitor. Carbon dioxide gas is then used to inflate the abdomen, creating a space for the surgeon to work. Various surgical instruments, such as graspers, scissors, and electrocautery devices, are inserted through additional small incisions to perform the necessary surgical tasks. The surgeon manipulates the instruments from outside the body while watching the monitor, guiding them to complete the procedure.