'laparoscopic repair'

This is an operation for achalasia of the cardia, a condition in which the muscle in the lower oesophagus fails to relax and therefore hinders the passage of food and fluid into the stomach. Treatment with Botox injections or balloon dilatation of the affected part of the oesophagus can be attempted but are often short-lived and surgery is frequently required as a more lasting solution. Under general anaesthesia, 5 small keyhole incisions are made on the abdomen and laparoscopic instruments are introduced. The lower oesophagus is approached and a lengthwise cut is made in the muscle layer of the lower oesophagus. Care is taken to cut only the muscle layer, leaving the inner lining of the oesophagus intact. As this procedure is often complicated by acid reflux after the operation, a partial or complete fundoplication is also performed at the same time to minimise this. Intake of food should become more comfortable soon after surgery and a near-normal diet can be maintained.

Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, is a surgical technique that uses small incisions and specialized instruments to perform surgical procedures. It is applicable for a wide range of diseases and conditions, and its primary benefits include reduced trauma, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and less post-operative pain compared to traditional open surgery. During laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon makes small incisions (usually around 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters) in the abdomen and inserts a thin, flexible tube called a laparoscope. The laparoscope has a light source and a camera, allowing the surgeon to visualize the internal organs on a monitor. Carbon dioxide gas is then used to inflate the abdomen, creating a space for the surgeon to work. Various surgical instruments, such as graspers, scissors, and electrocautery devices, are inserted through additional small incisions to perform the necessary surgical tasks. The surgeon manipulates the instruments from outside the body while watching the monitor, guiding them to complete the procedure.

Laser treatment is an out-patient and less-invasive(कम आक्रामक) laparoscopic procedure. The treatment follows a fine laser beam(लेजर किरण) for removing the tissue. The surrounding healthy tissues remain unaffected(स्वस्थ ऊतक अप्रभावित). People prefer laser treatment (लेजर उपचार)for piles for various benefits. Laser piles surgery is a preferred treatment option(पसंदीदा उपचार विकल्प) for acute symptoms(तीव्र लक्षणों) . Conventional surgeries are with several disadvantages(कई नुकसान हैं). These include time to heal (ठीक होने का समय)and post-surgical pain(र्जरी के बाद का दर्द). The recovery period is longer(पुनर्प्राप्ति अवधि लंबी है). There are also post-surgical complications(सर्जरी के बाद की जटिलताएँ).